Fasoracetam ((5R)-5-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-one, also NS-105, LAM-105 and NFC-1) is a pyroglutamide-type racetam developed by Nippon Shinyaku. In the research literature it is usually studied as the monohydrate, (+)-5-oxo-D-prolinepiperidinamide monohydrate. Its solid-state forms, two hydrates and one anhydrous form, were characterised by single-crystal X-ray analysis in 2017. Most of the published work comes from rat brain tissue, cultured neurons and rodent behavioural models, with a focus on metabotropic glutamate receptors, adenylate cyclase signalling and GABA-B receptors. Its absorption, metabolism and excretion have been characterised in rats, dogs and monkeys.