Research Peptide · For laboratory research use only
Also known as BPC-157/TB-500 Blend
Wolverine is a two-peptide blend supplied in a single vial: BPC-157 (5 mg) and TB-500 (5 mg). BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide studied mainly in rodent tendon, gastrointestinal and angiogenesis models1,2. The name TB-500 has been used in the literature both for synthetic thymosin beta-46 and for a thymosin beta-4 fragment7; thymosin beta-4 itself is a 43-residue actin-sequestering peptide3,4,5.
One published study has examined the two peptides together: a 2026 rat Achilles tendon transection-repair study6. Otherwise, the literature summarised here concerns the individual constituents. A 2026 narrative review of peptides marketed for musculoskeletal use, including BPC-157, thymosin beta-4 and TB-500, noted that rigorous human safety data are scarce7.
As described in the research literature
As described in the research literature, BPC-157 has been studied in transected rat Achilles tendon healing with in vitro work on tendocytes1. In endothelial cell and rat hind limb ischaemia models it was associated with increased expression and internalisation of VEGFR2 and activation of the VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS pathway2.
Thymosin beta-4 was shown to be identical to the actin-sequestering peptide Fx, forming a 1:1 complex with actin monomers and inhibiting polymerisation3. In a rat full-thickness wound model it was associated with increased re-epithelialisation, collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and it stimulated keratinocyte migration in vitro4. Reviews describe roles in cell migration, stem and progenitor cell mobilisation and reduced myofibroblast numbers in wounds5.
What published studies have examined
Rat Achilles tendon transection studies of BPC-157 used biomechanical, functional, microscopic and macroscopic measures1. A 2026 study compared BPC-157, synthetic thymosin beta-4 (TB-500) and the combination in the same model, measuring maximum load to failure, Bonar and Movin histological scores and collagen type I and III immunohistochemistry; the authors reported no additional effect of the combination over either peptide alone on these measures6.
Pro-angiogenic activity was examined in chick chorioallantoic membrane and endothelial tube formation assays and by laser Doppler in a rat hind limb ischaemia model, linked to VEGFR2 and Akt-eNOS signalling2.
Sources [2]
Biochemical work characterised the binding of thymosin beta-4 to monomeric actin3. A rat full-thickness wound model examined re-epithelialisation, wound contraction, collagen deposition and angiogenesis, with keratinocyte migration measured in Boyden chamber assays4,5.
A 2026 narrative review covered the pharmacology, safety profiles and regulatory status of approved and unapproved peptides marketed directly to patients, and noted that many unapproved peptides have been studied mainly in animal models with little rigorous human safety data7.
Sources [7]
Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth.
Staresinic M, Sebecic B, Patrlj L, et al. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2003.
Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation.
Hsieh MJ, Liu HT, Wang CN, et al. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2017.
Thymosin beta 4 and Fx, an actin-sequestering peptide, are indistinguishable.
Safer D, Elzinga M, Nachmias VT The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1991.
Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing.
Malinda KM, Sidhu GS, Mani H, et al. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1999.
Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications.
Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, et al. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2012.
Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study.
Biçer O, Adanir O, Güleryüz Y, et al. Joint Diseases and Related Surgery, 2026.
Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.
Mendias CL, Awan TM Sports Medicine, 2026.
This page is provided for research and educational reference only. It does not constitute medical advice, dosing guidance, or a recommendation for use. All compounds are strictly for laboratory and in-vitro research purposes.