Neuroscience Research Compound · For laboratory research use only
Also known as Fonturacetam Hydrazide
Phenylpiracetam hydrazide (2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetohydrazide, also fonturacetam hydrazide) is a structural analogue of phenylpiracetam (fonturacetam, 4-phenylpiracetam) in which the terminal carboxamide group is replaced by a hydrazide.
Published research on the hydrazide itself is very limited. The only indexed primary study we could verify is a 1985 Russian-language study of piracetam and several of its derivatives in immunised mice1. Most of what is known about this structural class comes from work on the parent compound phenylpiracetam2,3, and findings for the parent compound should not be assumed to apply to the hydrazide.
As described in the research literature
As described in the research literature, no receptor binding or mechanistic study of phenylpiracetam hydrazide itself has been identified on PubMed. In the 1985 mouse study of piracetam derivatives, the authors reported that the direction of immunomodulatory activity on antibody-forming cells depended on chemical structure, with addition of a phenyl group associated with stronger immunosuppression and insertion of a hydrazide group associated with stimulation of antibody formation; the English abstract does not list the individual derivatives tested1.
For context, the parent compound 4-phenylpiracetam was first characterised pharmacologically in 19832, and later work compared the activity of its R- and S-enantiomers in mouse behavioural tests3. A 2010 review describes the modes of action of piracetam-like compounds as still largely unresolved4.
What published studies have examined
Mice immunised with sheep red blood cells were used to examine how piracetam and several derivatives changed the number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen, and how this related to chemical structure1.
Sources [1]
The original 1983 study compared 4-phenylpiracetam with piracetam and related compounds on operant behaviour, diazepam-induced effects, post-rotational nystagmus, retrograde amnesia and anticonvulsant activity2. A 2011 study compared racemic phenylpiracetam with its R- and S-enantiomers on locomotor activity, forced swim and passive avoidance tests in mice, and measured brain tissue concentrations3.
A 2010 review of piracetam-like compounds groups phenylpiracetam with piracetam, oxiracetam, aniracetam and pramiracetam and discusses the uncertain mechanisms of the class4. No dedicated pharmacology, pharmacokinetic or toxicology study of the hydrazide was found.
Sources [4]
[Effect of piracetam derivatives on antibody formation].
Ratnikov VI, Ostrovskaia RU, Vazhenina ZP, et al. Biulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, 1985.
[Pharmacological characteristics of a new phenyl analog of piracetam--4-phenylpiracetam].
Bobkov IuG, Morozov IS, Glozman OM, et al. Biulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, 1983.
Investigation into stereoselective pharmacological activity of phenotropil.
Zvejniece L, Svalbe B, Veinberg G, et al. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2011.
Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to CNS disorders.
Malykh AG, Sadaie MR Drugs, 2010.
This page is provided for research and educational reference only. It does not constitute medical advice, dosing guidance, or a recommendation for use. All compounds are strictly for laboratory and in-vitro research purposes.