Research Peptide · For laboratory research use only
Also known as Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide
Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP, INN emideltide) is a nonapeptide, Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu, isolated in the 1970s by the Schoenenberger and Monnier group in Basel from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits subjected to electrical stimulation of the intralaminar thalamus1,2. The synthetic peptide was characterised by its effect on delta and spindle EEG activity in rabbit studies1,2.
Later research broadened to neuroendocrine, pineal and stress models3,4,6. A 2006 review noted that the gene, precursor protein and receptor for DSIP had not been identified, and that its link to sleep regulation remained poorly documented5.
As described in the research literature
As described in the research literature, no specific DSIP receptor has been identified, and several mechanisms have been proposed without conclusive evidence4,5. In rat pineal gland in vitro, DSIP enhanced the norepinephrine-induced increase in N-acetyltransferase activity; this enhancement was abolished by the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin, and the authors concluded that the peptide modulates the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor response4.
The originating work found that only the alpha-aspartyl form of the synthetic nonapeptide was highly active, in contrast to its beta-Asp isomer, and that five possible metabolic fragments and two analogues did not reproduce the EEG effect2. A 2006 review proposed that DSIP-like immunoreactivity and activity may reflect a structurally related endogenous peptide that has yet to be characterised5.
What published studies have examined
Synthetic DSIP, five possible metabolic fragments, two nonapeptide analogues and a related tripeptide were studied in rabbits under double-blind conditions, with neocortical and limbic EEG analysed by fast Fourier transformation1,2.
Rat pineal studies examined how DSIP and a phosphorylated analogue modulate adrenergic stimulation of N-acetyltransferase activity, using alpha and beta-adrenergic antagonists4. Earlier reviews collated reports on DSIP-like immunoreactivity in brain, peripheral organs and plasma across several mammalian species, and on its electrophysiological, neurotransmitter and hormonal correlates3.
A study in rats aged 2 to 24 months examined NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in mitochondrial fractions of several tissues after courses of DSIP (article in Russian with an English abstract)6.
Sources [6]
A 2006 review set out why the sleep-factor hypothesis remains weak, including the absence of an identified gene, protein or receptor, and outlined future studies on a possible DSIP-like endogenous peptide5.
Sources [5]
Characterization of a delta-electroencephalogram (-sleep)-inducing peptide.
Schoenenberger GA, Monnier M Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1977.
The delta EEG (sleep)-inducing peptide (DSIP). XI. Amino-acid analysis, sequence, synthesis and activity of the nonapeptide.
Schoenenberger GA, Maier PF, Tobler HJ, et al. Pflugers Archiv, 1978.
Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review.
Graf MV, Kastin AJ Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 1984.
Delta sleep-inducing peptide modulates the stimulation of rat pineal N-acetyltransferase activity by involving the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor.
Graf MV, Schoenenberger GA Journal of Neurochemistry, 1987.
Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle.
Kovalzon VM, Strekalova TV Journal of Neurochemistry, 2006.
[Influence of delta-sleep peptide on the enzymes activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain in various rat tissues during aging of the organism].
Bondarenko TI, Kutilin DS, Mikhaleva II Advances in Gerontology, 2014.
This page is provided for research and educational reference only. It does not constitute medical advice, dosing guidance, or a recommendation for use. All compounds are strictly for laboratory and in-vitro research purposes.